What is Ulcerative Colitis?
Ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition that affects the colon, which is part of your large intestine. It causes swelling and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the colon. Because of this, people with ulcerative colitis often have stomach pain and need to use the bathroom more often. Although it is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, it is not the same as Crohn’s disease. While anyone can get ulcerative colitis, it often starts before age 30. However, it can also appear later in life.
Common Symptoms
Many people with ulcerative colitis notice symptoms that come and go. Sometimes, symptoms are mild. Other times, they can be severe. Knowing the signs can help you get care sooner. For example, you may notice:
Additionally, some people may have joint pain, eye problems, or skin rashes. If you notice these symptoms, it is important to talk to a doctor.
Causes and Risk Factors
Doctors do not know the exact cause of ulcerative colitis. However, several factors may play a role. For instance, your immune system may react too strongly to normal bacteria in your gut. Genetics can also increase your risk. If a family member has ulcerative colitis, you may be more likely to get it. Other risk factors include:
Although stress and certain foods do not cause ulcerative colitis, they can make symptoms worse. Therefore, managing stress and eating a balanced diet may help.
How Ulcerative Colitis is Diagnosed
Doctors use several tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may order blood tests to check for signs of inflammation or anemia. Stool tests can help rule out infections. Most often, doctors use a test called a colonoscopy. During this test, a thin tube with a camera looks at the inside of your colon. Sometimes, doctors take a small tissue sample, called a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis. Other imaging tests, like CT scans, may also be used.
Treatment Options
Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to reduce swelling and control symptoms. Your doctor will choose the best plan for you. Common treatments include:
Because each person is different, your doctor may adjust your treatment over time. Regular check-ups help track your progress and manage side effects.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot always prevent ulcerative colitis, healthy habits can make living with ulcerative colitis easier. For example, you can:
Additionally, keeping a symptom diary can help you and your doctor spot triggers and adjust your care plan.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice ongoing diarrhea, blood in your stool, or severe stomach pain, you should see a doctor soon. Early treatment can prevent problems and improve your quality of life. If you have ulcerative colitis and develop a fever, rapid heartbeat, or severe weakness, seek medical help right away. These could be signs of a serious problem.
In summary, ulcerative colitis is a long-term condition, but with the right care, many people lead full lives. Consult a gastroenterologist for personalized advice on ulcerative colitis.